Wikipedia

Solar eclipse of April 8, 2024

"2024 solar eclipse" redirects here. For the October eclipse, see Solar eclipse of October 2, 2024.

The solar eclipse of April 8, 2024, also known as the Great North American Eclipse,[1] was a total solar eclipse visible across a band covering parts of North America, from Mexico to Canada and crossing the contiguous United States. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby obscuring the Sun. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight. Totality occurs only in a limited path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a larger surrounding region.

Solar eclipse of April 8, 2024
The solar eclipse during totality, seen from Dallas, Texas
Map
Type of eclipse
Nature Total
Gamma 0.3431
Magnitude 1.0566
Maximum eclipse
Duration 268 s (4 min 28 s)
Location Nazas, Durango, Mexico
Coordinates 25°18′N 104°06′W / 25.3°N 104.1°W / 25.3; -104.1
Max. width of band 198 km (123 mi)
Times (UTC)
(P1) Partial begin 15:42:07
(U1) Total begin 16:38:44
Greatest eclipse 18:18:29
(U4) Total end 19:55:29
(P4) Partial end 20:52:14
References
Saros 139 (30 of 71)
Catalog # (SE5000) 9561

During this eclipse, the Moon's apparent diameter was 5.5 percent larger than average. With a magnitude of 1.0566, the eclipse's longest duration of totality was 4 minutes and 28 seconds near the Mexican town of Nazas, Durango.[2][3]

This eclipse was the first total solar eclipse visible from Canada since August 1, 2008, and from the provinces since February 26, 1979.[4][5] It was the first over Mexico since July 11, 1991.[6] It was also the first over the United States since August 21, 2017. This is the only solar eclipse in the 21st century with totality visible from all three countries.[7] The next total solar eclipse in the US will be on March 30, 2033, which will pass over Alaska. The next total eclipse in the contiguous United States of the US will be on August 23, 2044. The next total eclipse of similar width will take place on August 12, 2045, which will traverse coast-to-coast in a trajectory similar to the 2017 eclipse.

An annular eclipse on October 2, 2024, will be the final solar eclipse of the year. The path of annularity will cross over Chile and Argentina.

General path of shadow edit

 
Animation of the eclipse path (including the path of totality)

The totality of the solar eclipse was visible in a strip beginning in the Pacific Ocean, the edge of which passed approximately 60 kilometers north of Penrhyn atoll,[8] 115 kilometers south of Starbuck Island, and 370 kilometers north of the Marquesas Islands. Later, the total solar eclipse was visible from North America, starting from the west coast of Mexico then ascending in a northeasterly direction through Mexico, the United States, and Canada, before ending in the Atlantic Ocean about 700 kilometers southwest of Ireland.[9]

Visibility in the Americas edit

Mexico edit

Ten-minute time lapse video of the total solar eclipse on April 8, 2024, in Mazatlán, Sinaloa.

Totality first passed over the Revillagigedo Islands (a federal possession of Mexico) and the Islas Marías. Upon reaching the continental mainland, totality passed through the states of Sinaloa (including Mazatlán), northern Nayarit, Durango (including the city of Durango and Gómez Palacio), southeast Chihuahua, and Coahuila (including Torreón, Matamoros, Monclova, Sabinas, Ciudad Acuña, and Piedras Negras).[10][11][12] A partial eclipse was visible across the remainder of the country, including 79% coverage of the solar disc in Mexico City.[13] Torreón was the most populous Mexican city in the path of totality.

United States edit

 
Solar eclipse progression as seen over the Terminal Tower in Cleveland, Ohio

In the United States, totality was visible through the states of Texas (including parts of San Antonio, Austin, Fort Worth, and all of Arlington, Dallas, Killeen, Temple, Texarkana, Tyler, Sulphur Springs, and Waco); Oklahoma (including Idabel and Broken Bow); Arkansas (including Morrilton/Petit Jean, Hot Springs, Searcy, Jonesboro, and Little Rock); Missouri (including Cape Girardeau and Poplar Bluff); Tennessee (extreme northwestern corner of Lake County); Illinois (including Carbondale, where it intersected the path of the 2017 eclipse); Kentucky; Indiana (including Bloomington, Evansville, Indianapolis, Anderson, Muncie, Terre Haute, and Vincennes); Ohio (including Akron, Cleveland, Dayton, Lima, Lorain, Toledo, and Warren); Michigan (extreme southeastern corner of Monroe County); Pennsylvania (including Erie); Upstate New York (including Buffalo, Niagara Falls, Rochester, Syracuse, Watertown, the Adirondacks, Potsdam, and Plattsburgh); northern Vermont (including Burlington); New Hampshire; and Maine;[14][15] with the line of totality going almost directly over the state's highest point Mount Katahdin. The largest city that was entirely in the path was Dallas, Texas.[16] It was the second total eclipse visible from the central United States in just seven years, after the eclipse of August 21, 2017. It will be the last total solar eclipse visible in the contiguous United States until August 23, 2044.[17]

A partial solar eclipse was visible in all of the other parts of the contiguous United States, Hawaii, and southeast Alaska (Alaska Panhandle).[18]

Delta Air Lines scheduled two special eclipse-following flights: one from Austin to Detroit on a large-window A220-300, and one from Dallas to Detroit. [19] Various other flights in the path of totality also avoided cloud cover entirely.[20]

Canada edit

Video of total eclipse in Saint-Georges, Quebec, on 8 April 2024

In Canada, totality was visible through parts of Southern Ontario (including Leamington, Fort Erie,[21] Hamilton, Niagara Falls, Kingston, Prince Edward County, and Cornwall),[22] parts of southern Quebec (including Montreal, Sherbrooke, Saint-Georges, and Lac-Mégantic), central New Brunswick (including Fredericton, Woodstock and Miramichi),[23] western Prince Edward Island (including Tignish and Summerside),[24][25] the northern tip of Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia,[26] and central Newfoundland (including Gander and Grand Falls-Windsor). Then, it ended on the eastern Atlantic coast of Newfoundland.[27] The most populous Canadian city that the path of totality intersected was Montreal. Windsor, London, Toronto, and Ottawa lay just north of the path of totality, and Moncton just south of it.[28][29]

A partial solar eclipse was visible in all of the other parts of Canada, except the western part of Yukon and the western tip of the Northwest Territories.[30][31]

Boat cruises to observe the eclipse were conducted on Lake Erie, Niagara River, Lake Ontario, and Saint Lawrence River.[32]

Central America and South America edit

The partial eclipse was seen in all Central American countries, from Belize to Panama, all the Greater Antilles (Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Puerto Rico, and Jamaica), and northern South America (Colombia).[18]

List of major cities in the path of totality edit

Mexico (MX), United States (US), and Canada (CA)

Visibility in other continents edit

 
Crowd of eclipse viewers during totality over Kingston, Ontario

Europe edit

A partial eclipse passed over Svalbard (Norway), Iceland, Ireland, western parts of the United Kingdom, north-western parts of Spain and Portugal, the Azores, and the Canary Islands.[33] Cloud cover prevented views of it from most of the British Isles,[34][35] although it was seen in Western Scotland.[36] Unusually, this eclipse extended below the horizon, where the greatest phase was observed at mid-nautical twilight in Galicia (Spain) and the beginning of astronomical twilight in Nouvelle-Aquitaine (France).[37] The extension of the eclipse path within the twilight zone created what was likely the best observation window for the 12P/Pons–Brooks comet located closely to Jupiter.[38]

Oceania edit

The partial eclipse was seen in Hawaii, eastern Kiribati (the eastern Phoenix Islands and the whole Line Islands), Tokelau, American Samoa except for its extreme western part, the Cook Islands, French Polynesia, and the Pitcairn Islands. Although all located east of the 180th meridian, the local time of the eclipse in Kiribati and Tokelau was Tuesday, April 9, 2024, because either UTC+13 or UTC+14 is observed in these areas.[39][40][41]

Characteristics edit

Solar prominences edit

 
 
TOP: Solar prominences as seen from Third Connecticut Lake, New Hampshire - BOTTOM LEFT: Solar activity 08 April 2024 imaged by NASA Solar Dynamics Observatory AIA 304 telescope. Features seen here on the edge of the solar disk correspond to the prominences seen by earthbound observers during the eclipse totality. The large, bright, tent-shaped prominence reported by eclipse gazers appears here as detailed filaments around the 4:30 o'clock position. - BOTTOM RIGHT: National Solar Observatory GONG telescope movie of solar activity in H-Alpha for the day of the April 8, 2024 eclipse, showing how prominences hardly changed during the eclipse.

The eclipse occurred around the solar maximum, a period of greatest solar activity in the Sun's 11-year solar cycle, and it was anticipated that solar prominences would be visible during totality.[42] Many observers reported seeing solar prominences during the event.[43][44][45] Most plainly visible to the naked eye was a very bright, ruby-red point of light near the south pole of the Sun's disk, which on telescopic views and photographs showed as a tent-shaped angular structure. Telescopic photographs revealed the western limb having several smaller, irregular shapes, of which one large, ragged shape was disconnected from the Sun's surface. Several smaller prominences were also visible on the eastern limb. These shapes correlate in detail with the NASA Solar Dynamics Observatory solar telescope images taken in space at the same as the earthbound eclipse, and with images from the ground-based National Solar Observatory GONG telescope in Cerro Tololo, Chile.

Shadow bands edit

The shadow bands phenomenon was observed and documented in some locations with clear skies. Attempts to observe and record shadow bands on the ground were disappointed in many areas of totality by the phenomenon not appearing in the event, perhaps having been washed out by the diffuse illumination of cloudy skies in various locations.[46][47]

Impact edit

It was projected before the eclipse that there could be a $6 billion boost to the US economy due to the eclipse. The Mayor of Rochester, New York, Malik Evans, told reporters that the city was expected to bring in between $10–12 million to the city's economy from the Friday before the eclipse to the day of it.[48][49]

One company that tracks Airbnb data likened the economic impact of the event to having Taylor Swift's concerts taking place simultaneously in every city along the eclipse's path. In the United States, the prices of motels and hotels near the path of totality increased up to 100 percent on April 7 and April 8. Montreal saw a 20% surge in hotel occupancy for April 7 and April 8.[50][51][52]

The eclipse caused a drop in solar power generation, with Texas experiencing a decrease from 12,000 MW to just over 3,000 MW at 2 p.m. Wind power generation also decreased by about 50% that day. However, there were no disruptions in power distribution as supply exceeded demand.[53]

Highways in the area of totality saw significant increases in traffic, with departing tourists causing traffic jams lasting up to eight hours.[54] Many of those trying to pass through Franconia Notch in New Hampshire, for example, found themselves in jams lasting until 2 a.m. the following morning.[55] In Vermont there were an estimated 60,000 additional cars and 248 inbound aircraft over the span of the eclipse weekend, with about 160,000 visitors coming into the state per Secretary of Transportation Joe Flynn.[56] New York Governor Kathy Hochul announced record breaking tourism numbers between April 6-9, that was a 45% increase compared to 2023, with nearly one million visitors to New York State parks and over 5.5 million toll transactions recorded.[57]

Responses edit

 
NASA's Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera's satellite image of the solar eclipse over North America[58]

Arkansas Governor Sarah Huckabee Sanders preemptively declared a state of emergency related to the eclipse, citing the expected increase of travel to the state which could result in transportation difficulties, such as in Fort Smith, where the police prepared for traffic congestion as hotels filled up.[59][60] Bell County, Texas Judge David Blackburn preemptively declared a state of emergency in February 2024 due to the projected number of visitors to the area.[61] The region surrounding Niagara Falls, Ontario, also declared a state of emergency; as an existing major tourist destination along the path of totality, it expected an influx of at least one million visitors on April 8.[62]

A lawsuit was filed on April 2 by six inmates of various religions at Woodbourne Correctional Facility in New York against the state, stating that the decision to lock down the prison during the eclipse conflicted with their religious beliefs. The solar eclipse is important in various religions.[63] The state settled the lawsuit by allowing them to view the eclipse.[64]

Related eclipses edit

The eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[65] It is also part of saros series 139, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, 8 hours, containing 71 events, and part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month).

The path of the April 8, 2024, eclipse crossed the path of the prior total solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 with the intersection of the two paths being in southern Illinois, in Makanda, just south of Carbondale.[66]

The path of the April 8 eclipse also crossed the path of the annular solar eclipse that occurred less than 6 months prior, on October 14, 2023, intersecting in the vicinity of San Antonio, Texas.[67]

Eclipses of 2024 edit

Gallery edit

Total edit

Totality with scenery edit

Partial edit

Projections edit

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^
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    • Carter, Jamie (April 8, 2024). "Annular solar eclipse 2024: Everything you need to know about the next solar eclipse". Space.com. Archived from the original on April 9, 2024. Retrieved April 10, 2024. The Oct. 2, 2024, annular solar eclipse is special for three very different reasons. First, it follows the Great North American Eclipse of April 8
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External links edit

 
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